Peter Carteret (born 1641) was the Governor of the British colony of Albemarle (which would later become North Carolina) from 1670 to approximately 1672.
Carteret was appointed assistant governor of the Albemarle colony by the Lords Proprietor in 1664. He was related to George Carteret, one of the Proprietors, and was the brother of Philip Carteret. After Gov. Samuel Stephens died in late 1669, the governor's council named Carteret acting governor. He seems to have been appointed to the post permanently by the Lords Proprietor in 1670 and then left for England in 1672 to talk to the Proprietors about discontent in the colony. He appointed John Jenkins as his deputy, to act in his place, but Carteret never returned to the colony.